Seeing but Not Changing: Reinforcement of Negative Attitudes toward Refugees in South Korea

International Relations
Korean Politics
International Forced Migration
Refugees
South Korea

Park, Sanghoon, Hyeonjun Kim, and Se Hyeon Sim. 2025. “Seeing but Not Changing: Reinforcement of Negative Attitudes toward Refugees in South Korea”

Authors
Affiliation

Kangwon Institute for Unification Studies, Kangwon National University

Hyeonjun Kim

Kangwon Institute for Unification Studies, Kangwon National University

Se Hyeon Sim

Kangwon Institute for Unification Studies, Kangwon National University

Published

August 2024

Abstract

This study examines why negative attitudes toward refugees remain pervasive in South Korea despite minimal direct contact. While prior research highlights economic, security, and cultural threats as key drivers of anti‐refugee sentiment, our analysis of the 2024 Public Perception Survey on Refugees shows that those conventional explanations do not hold. Objective information and subjective perception about refugees have no measurable effect, and, even more surprisingly, interest in refugee issues explains more negative attitudes, contrary to the usual “more knowledge, more sympathy” expectation. Moreover, this negative effect of interest is amplified by strong ethnic identity, whereas civic identity play no significant role. These findings suggest that simply supplying facts or running superficial campaigns to generate interest is insufficient. What matters is the quality of that engagement. To foster genuine inclusion, long‐term strategies must move beyond cosmetic outreach and instead cultivate empathetic, critically reflective forms of public interest that can overcome entrenched biases and reshape attitudes toward refugees.