Manufacturing Compliance: How Pariah States Strategically Engage with International Human Rights Mechanisms.

Comparative Politics
Authoritarian Regimes
International Relations
Pariah States
Human Rights

Park, Sanghoon, Chun-Young Park, and Hyunkyu Kim. 2025. “Manufacturing Compliance: How Pariah States Strategically Engage with International Human Rights Mechanisms.”

Authors
Affiliations

Kangwon Institute for Unification Studies, Kangwon National University

Political Science and International Relations, Nazarbayev University

Hyunkyu Kim

Institute for Global Politics, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

Published

September 2025

Abstract

Why do pariah autocracies engage with international human rights institutions? This study explores how pariah autocracies, states that are isolated from the international community and domestically unresponsive autocracies lacking democratic institutions, use the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UN UPR) to shape their international reputations. We argue that these autocracies craft diplomatic strategies that create an image of compliance while protecting their essential political structures. Our findings show that such participation aims less at improving human rights and more at securing legitimacy and crafting a façade of international responsiveness. Pariah autocracies are deliberate actors that navigate international norms to serve their interests. The study sheds light on the strategic ways international pariah autocracies interact with international human rights mechanisms for themselves.